System affected | Clinical implications | Comments |
---|---|---|
Autonomic Nervous System: Increase norepinephrine release | Sinus tachycardia Hypertension | Healthy volunteers |
Increased sinus automaticity | Sinus tachycardia | Healthy volunteers |
Facilitated conduction velocity | Supraventricular and/or ventricular tachycardia, PVC | Healthy volunteers/structural heart disease |
Vascular periphery: dysfunctional baroreceptor activity | Vasovagal syncope/hypotension | Â |
Coronary arteries | Coronary artery disease (AMI) | Controversial |
Central Nervous system | Stroke | Controversial |