Table Cardinal HRCT Features of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis
From: Tumor-like pulmonary sarcoidosis diagnosed by CT-guided transthoracic lung biopsy
Classical features (potentially reversible) |
|---|
• Intrathoracic lymphadenopathy (hilar, mediastinal, para-aortic, subcarinal) |
• Proclivity for upper and mid-lung zones; perihilar (axial) distribution |
• Lesions follow bronchovascular bundles, lymphatics |
• Nodules (microscopic; macroscopic) |
• Consolidation (mass-like lesions; confluent alveolar opacities) |
• Ground glass opacities |
• Thickened bronchovascular bundles; interlobular septa |
• Non septal lines; subpleural linear opacities |
Chronic findings (reflect irreversible fibrosis) |
• Bronchiectasis; bronchiolectasis |
• Cysts; bullae; paracicatricial emphysema |
• Anatomic distortion (fissure, bronchi, vessel, displacement) |
• Volume loss (particularly upper lobes; hilar retraction) |
• Mycetoma (within pre-existing cavity) |
• Calcified lymph nodes |