Table 1 Risk Factors for Pacing lead induce venous thrombosis [12, 13]
From: A case of pacing lead induced clinical superior vena cava syndrome: a case report
1. History of device upgrade. |
2. Use of temporary endocardial pacemaker wires before the implantation of a permanent device. |
3. Presence of multiple endocardial leads. |
4. Retention of severed leads. |
5. Lead infection. |
6. Use of dual coil leads. |
7. Hormone therapy. |
8. History of venous thrombosis. |