Table 1 Published cases of closed subtalar dislocations

Study

Year

Number of cases

Treatment

Result

Heppenstall RB et al

1980

20

A. Closed reduction (19 patients)

A. Excellent results 14, good 2, fair 2, poor 1

J Trauma

B. Open reduction (1 patient)

B. Poor result 1 patient

Ganel A et al

1981

3

A. Closed reduction (2 patients)

A & B. Good results

J Foot Surg

B. Open reduction (1 patient)

Monson ST, Ryan JR.

1981

9

Closed reduction

A. Medial dislocation: some loss of subtalar motion

J Bone Joint Surg (Am)

B. Lateral dislocation: important disability

DeLee JC, Curtis R.

1982

14

A. Closed reduction (10 patients)

A. Normal ROM (5 patients)

J Bone Joint Surg (Am)

B. Open reduction (4 patients)

B. 50% loss of normal subtalar motion (9 patients)

Merianos P et al

1988

21

Closed reduction

A. Medial dislocations: varying degrees of disability

Injury

B. Lateral dislocations: serious disability

Zimmer TJ, Johnson KA.

1989

11

Closed reduction

Instability (mild- moderate): 63% of patients

Clin Orthop Relat Res

Restriction activity: 13% of patients

Ghrintz H et al

1989

12

Closed reduction

Dislocations without fracture: good results

Ugeskr Laeger

Dislocations with fracture: less favourable prognosis

Bak K, Koch JS.

1991

1

Closed reduction

Good result

Br J Sports Med

Merchan EC.

1992

23

A. Closed reduction (17 patients)

A. Good results (11 patients), fair results (6 patients)

Injury

B. Open reduction + K-wires (6 patients)

B. Fair results (1 patient), poor result (5 patients)

Love JN et al

1995

2

A. Closed reduction (1 patient)

A & B. Mild decreased range of motion

J Emerg Med

B. Open reduction (1 patient)

Ruiz Valdivieso T et al

1996

12

A. Closed reduction (10 patients)

A. Good results (6 patients), fair results (4 patients)

Int Orthop

B. Open reduction (2 patients)

B. Fair results (2 patients)

Jarde O et al

1996

35

A. Closed reduction (21 patients)

A. Excellent results (11 patients), Good results (10 patients)

Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot

B. Open reduction (14 patients)

B. Good results (3 patients), fair (9 patients), poor (2 patients)

Bohay DR, Manoli A. Foot Ankle Int

1996

4

Closed reduction

Minimal disability and subtalar joint stiffness

Kinik H et al

1999

1

Closed reduction

Symptomless

Int Orthop

Tabib W et al

2000

1

Closed reduction + K-wire

Good result

Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot

Kanda T et al

2001

1

Open reduction

Good result

Foot Ankle Int

Perugia D et al

2002

45

Closed reduction

Good results

Int Orthop

Bibbo C et al

2003

19

Closed reduction

Mean AOFAS score: 71 (fair results)

Foot Ankle Int

Garofalo et al

2004

12

Closed reduction

A. Medial dislocation: excellent results (10 patients)

J Foot Ankle Surg

B. Lateral dislocation: fair results (2 patients)

Hadji M et al

2004

1

Closed reduction

Pain free and stable. Moderate loss of subtalar motion

Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot

Wagner R et al

2004

26

A. Closed reduction (20 patients)

A. Medial dislocations: Excellent results (10 patients), Good (7 patients), Fair (3 patients)

Injury

B. Open reduction (6 patients)

B. Lateral dislocations: Excellent results (1 patient), Good (4 patients), Poor (1 patient)

Chuo CY et al

2005

1

Open reduction

Moderate loss of subtalar motion. Mild ankle soreness

Kaohsiung Med Sci

Cilli F

2006

1

Closed reduction

Excellent result

Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc

Jerome JT et al

2007

1

Closed reduction

Good result

J Foot Ankle Surg

Simon LC et al

2008

22

Closed reduction

Isolated dislocation: 50% excellent results

Sportverletz Sportschaden

Dislocation with fracture: mainly good and fair results

De Palma L et al Arch Orthop Trauma Surg

2008

30

Closed reduction

A. Medial dislocations: Excellent results (7 patients), good (11 patients), fair (3 patiients) B. Lateral dislocations: Good results (3 patients), fair (3 patients), poor (3 patients)